GDP share of R&D expenditure in OECD and other countries in 1991-2003
Country | 1991 | 1993 | 1995 | 1997 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
Netherlands | 1.97 | 1.93 | 1.99 | 2.04 | 2.02 | 1.90 | 1.89 | . | . |
Belgium | 1.62 | 1.70 | 1.72 | 1.87 | 1.96 | 2.04 | 2.17 | . | . |
United Kingdom | 2.07 | 2.05 | 1.95 | 1.81 | 1.87 | 1.84 | 1.86 | 1.88 | . |
Spain | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 1.03 | . |
Ireland | 0.93 | 1.17 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.15 | . | . |
Italy | 1.23 | 1.13 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.11 | . | . |
Austria | 1.47 | 1.47 | 1.56 | 1.71 | 1.86 | 1.86 | 1.92 | 1.93 | 1.94 |
Greece | 0.36 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.67 | . | 0.65 | . | . |
Luxemburg | . | . | . | . | . | 1.71 | . | . | . |
Portugal | . | . | 0.57 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.93 | . |
France | 2.37 | 2.40 | 2.31 | 2.22 | 2.18 | 2.18 | 2.23 | 2.20 | . |
Sweden | 2.72 | 3.17 | 3.35 | 3.54 | 3.65 | . | 4.27 | . | . |
Germany | 2.52 | 2.33 | 2.25 | 2.29 | 2.44 | 2.49 | 2.51 | 2.52 | 2.50 |
Finland | 2.04 | 2.16 | 2.28 | 2.71 | 3.23 | 3.40 | 3.41 | 3.46 | 3.52 |
Denmark | 1.64 | 1.74 | 1.84 | 1.94 | 2.19 | . | 2.40 | 2.52 | 2.61 |
EU-15 | 1.90 | 1.86 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.86 | 1.88 | 1.92 | 1.93 | . |
Poland | . | . | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.59 | . |
Slovakia | 2.13 | 1.38 | 0.93 | 1.09 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.58 | . |
Slovenia | . | 1.60 | 1.61 | 1.35 | 1.44 | 1.46 | 1.57 | 1.54 | . |
Czech Republic | 2.02 | 1.21 | 1.01 | 1.16 | 1.24 | 1.33 | 1.30 | 1.30 | . |
Hungary | 1.06 | 0.97 | 0.73 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 0.80 | 0.95 | 1.02 | . |
EU-25 | . | . | 1.72 | 1.72 | 1.77 | 1.80 | 1.83 | 1.83 | . |
Australia | . | . | . | . | . | 1.54 | . | . | . |
South Korea | 1.92 | 2.22 | 2.50 | 2.69 | 2.47 | 2.65 | 2.92 | 2.91 | . |
Iceland | 1.17 | 1.36 | 1.57 | 1.88 | 2.38 | 2.75 | 3.06 | 3.09 | . |
Japan | 2.94 | 2.83 | 2.90 | 2.84 | 2.96 | 2.99 | 3.07 | 3.12 | . |
Canada | 1.60 | 1.70 | 1.72 | 1.68 | 1.82 | 1.92 | 2.03 | 1.91 | 1.87 |
Norway | 1.64 | 1.72 | 1.70 | 1.64 | 1.65 | . | 1.60 | 1.67 | 1.72 |
Switzerland | . | . | . | . | . | 2.57 | . | . | . |
Turkey | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.63 | 0.64 | . | . | . |
New Zealand | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.10 | 1.02 | . | 1.18 | . | . |
United States | 2.72 | 2.52 | 2.51 | 2.58 | 2.65 | 2.72 | 2.74 | 2.67 | 2.62 |
OECD total | 2.22 | 2.13 | 2.09 | 2.14 | 2.20 | 2.24 | 2.28 | 2.26 | . |
Israel | 2.50 | 2.68 | 2.74 | 3.15 | 3.83 | 4.72 | 5.04 | 4.72 | . |
China | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.60 | 0.68 | 0.83 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 1.23 | . |
Romania | 0.79 | 0.91 | 0.80 | 0.58 | 0.40 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.38 | . |
Russia | 1.43 | 0.77 | 0.85 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.16 | 1.24 | . |
Taiwan | . | . | 1.78 | 1.88 | 2.05 | 2.05 | 2.16 | 2.30 | . |
Some data preliminary or estimates
Source: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators 2004/1; national statistical offices
Last updated 30.1.2006
Official Statistics of Finland (OSF):
Research and development [e-publication].
ISSN=2342-6721. 2003,
GDP share of R&D expenditure in OECD and other countries in 1991-2003
. Helsinki: Statistics Finland [referred: 18.8.2024].
Access method: http://www.stat.fi/til/tkke/2003/tkke_2003_2006-01-30_tau_002_en.html